1. Figure out your “story” before you get into the editing room.
2. If interviews are needed – make a list of good questions that will lead to insightful answers and concise sound bites.
3. Always think about your “audio” – listen to your room sounds.
4. Capture your audio with external mics – not the mic in the camera.
5. Wear headphones – camera meters only indicate that you’re getting sound – but it may not be good sound.
6. Shoot and move – getting wide, medium, tight and close-ups from various angles.
7. Anticipate what’s coming next and be in the right spot to get the shot.
8. When shooting, think about how you will “get into” and “out of” a shot in the finished piece. Play it out in your head.
9. Shoot action and reaction – both points of view. Example: Teacher and student’s reaction
10. Don’t talk over your video – even if you think you might not want to use the audio – because you never know.
11. Use a tripod for long lens shots.
12. Get lots of close-ups especially if the finished piece if for the web. You’ll be happy you did when you get in the editing room.
13. Have a plan but be prepared to be spontaneous and let serendipity happen.
Do’s and Don’ts for Hybrid Cameras
Many still photographers get started in video with a “hybrid” camera. Canon just came out with the EOS 7D to add to their already popular EOS 5D Mark II. Nikon has their – D90 and Panasonic has the Lumix DMC-GH1K.
There is plenty of information online particular to all of these cameras so rather than repeat what others have written, I’ll list some tips on shooting with these cameras.
1. Don’t shoot verticals when in the video mode – the reason should be obvious but nevertheless because these cameras look and feel like still cameras (and are) turning the camera vertically is a common mistake photographers make.
2. Use an external mic if audio is important and it usually is.
3. Use a tripod – hand holding video is far different than hand holding a still camera where just the “moment” has to be sharp.
4. Don’t try to be sneaky in venues that prohibit video by pretending to shoot just stills. It’s just not ethical.
5. Remember when shooting video it’s a motion medium – so seek out subjects with motion.
6. Make sure your sensor and lenses are always spotless – while you can retouch video it’s quite labor intensive or can be.
7. Editing files from some of these cameras can be slow and clunky in the edit room, especially when trying to blend with other video shot at a different frame rate like 24p. If you’re shooting with the 5D which shoots in 30p you may want to convert your files to the standard Apple Pro Res at 24p to make everything compatible first.
8. If you’ve been hired to shoot stills for a client and they ask you to “just” shoot some video footage for them from the same camera – don’t just throw that content in for free. There’s added value there and you’ll short change yourself as well as set a bad precedent for your future video clips.
To be honest, I don’t own a “hybrid” and most of these tips have been collected by hearing complaints and advice from others. So please add your own tips and cautions.
The Flip
My husband gave me The Flip a couple of months ago for an anniversary present. While not exactly a romantic gift, it was the perfect present for me since I’m not a diamonds and pearls kind of woman. He decided to buy the HD Flip, rather than the SD version, although it’s certainly not true HD or in the same league as my Sony EX-1. But it’s still a pretty amazing little video camera, shooting in the 16×9 pixel aspect ratio. It can record up to one hour of footage, which can be downloaded easily by plugging it into the USB connection on your computer. It also downloads its own software that enables you to email your videos as well as edit them. The editing part is quite limited, but nevertheless it enables you to link clips together.
I’ve played with it a couple of times, but hadn’t really put it to the test until our recent trip to Costa Rica. I’m a firm believer in choosing the right tool for the right situation and in this case decided to use the Flip when we took a canopy tour of a cloud forest. I had never “zip lined” before, but I did know that taking a big camera – still or video – would not be an option because I would need both hands on the zip line. At the same time I knew that I wanted to capture the motion experience of zipping through the trees high above the canopy of the forest.
The Flip was the perfect camera. It was small, light, and easy to use and could capture the sound and feeling of the experience. And that it did. Check out this video – zipping through the trees and also this video of my husband coming in for a landing. Mind you the “execution” of the video was shaky and because the camera is so small – there is a challenge with holding it steady – especially when multitasking or just trying to stay “on” the platform high in the trees. However, I could not have captured this footage with my “real” HD camera and the video from the Flip was good enough to yield a few seconds of footage that could be imported into a “movie” and give a viewer the vicarious thrill of gliding over the trees.
More importantly, it allowed me to enjoy the experience, as well as record it. That’s not always possible when bogged down by equipment and technology. I certainly wouldn’t recommend this camera as an all-purpose video camera. But because it’s small, light and portable, I always have it with me, wherever I go. I never know what surprises may come my way, and when they do present themselves to me – I’m ready for action.
Mistakes Still Photographers Make When Shooting Video
Short but to the point – common mistakes still photographers make when starting to shoot video:
1. They break timecode (only applies when shooting to tape)
2. Bad audio – audio is everything in video.
3. They don’t turn the camera on soon enough.
4. They turn the camera off too soon (thinking in the “decisive moment)
5. Use auto – focus.
6. They don’t shoot sequences – beginning, middle and end
7. They don’t shoot in “storyboard mode” – “How will I get into and out of a shot and what’s next?”
8. They pan and tilt and zoom in and out – too much – the motion should come from the subject matter – not necessarily the camera.
9. They don’t shoot enough B-roll with variations.
10. I’m open to suggestions as to what #10 should be – feel free to chime in.
“Virtual” Companies
I recently got a phone call from a photographer friend complaining that he just lost out on a job. One of his clients came to him asking if he shot video and he answered no. He went into a long fear based monologue about how this is happening to him more and more and that he was afraid that he would lose his clients to video shooters and worse yet, video shooters who would also start providing “his” clients with still images pulled from frame grabs from high end video cameras like the RED.
After he calmed down, I asked him “Why did you answer no when your client asked if you shot video?” He explained that he was an honest guy and that he would be doing a disservice to his client by pretending to be something that he wasn’t or that he couldn’t deliver. I told him quite simply that perhaps he could have provided that service to his client but that by sending his client away, he was not only doing himself a disservice but his client as well because “he” couldn’t fill their need. Then I explained the notion of forming partnerships.
Video is made for collaboration and partnerships because there are so many facets to it – shooting – sound – post production etc. So why can’t a still photographer create partnerships or virtual production companies and work with a team of colleagues to serve a client’s many needs? It’s a win win – you keep your client in house and your client can work within a comfort zone that you’ve already established with them. You become the producer which for the most part, many still photographers are already.
Look around – virtual companies are being set up in all types of businesses – partnerships that are not confined to the traditional bricks and mortar setting – but rather created on a need basis. I’ve recently worked with virtual PR firms and ad agencies where the art director may reside in Colorado, the client in NYC and the account exec in California. Or they all might be in the same geographic location – but just not in the same confined “space”.
So before you say no – think about likely and unlikely partnerships you can form. Anything is possible which in turn can become profitable.
Being Proactive vs Reactive
I have always approached new technology in a backwards sort of way. I’m not one to buy the latest camera or software version if I don’t have a need driving me in that direction. I got into video because I felt the need to incorporate motion and sound to the stories that I wanted to tell.
Lately all you hear about is video. Clients are coming to me because they feel the need to add video to their website. And more and more still photographers feel the need to embrace video in their work. Whenever someone questions me about getting into video, I always ask them “what do you want to do with it?” A typical answer is “because everyone is getting into” or “I feel the need to keep up and not be left behind”. While these are honest answers, and certainly there’s some merit to them, I always try to get people to focus on what it is they want to use the medium of video for. Will video convey their message better than a still image or text?
Personally I’ve never been a fan of “getting on the bandwagon” just because everyone else is. Whenever I’ve acquired a new “toy” for that purpose – it generally sits in the box because I haven’t thought about how I will use it to “tell the story” that I have to tell. I was reminded today when watching a piece about Don Hewitt, the creator of the TV program 60 Minutes. He was all about “telling the story” and felt that the story is what we humans are interested in and will hold an audience’s attention. His vision was to create a magazine in a TV format. That was almost 40 years ago and 60 Minutes is still on the air. But Hewitt was a persuasive and dynamic man with a strong belief in his convictions. He was also a pioneer in TV broadcasting and at the right place, at the right time – because back then everyone was learning and they were writing the rules as they went.
Right now I think we’re at the same place with video on the web. We’re all struggling with not only new technology but how we can apply it in a business sense. The 100 million dollar question (or more) is How to monetize the Web? I for one don’t have a crystal ball but I do know one thing that history has taught me and that is – nothing new ever comes from keeping the status quo. That’s not to say that every pioneer has a success story and in fact behind every successful person is usually a trail of failed ideas. But if they hadn’t taken that chance……….you gotta wonder.
The other big dynamic is that being proactive is taking control of the situation rather than reacting to something out of fear. For the most part fear stifles creativity. Either way – there’s always going to be a bit of fear but I find when I take control and become more proactive, I focus on the creative aspects and remove the mental roadblocks that are telling me to stop. I don’t always succeed – but I always give myself a shot at success – when I free my mind and am open to possibilities.
Pre-Production Blues
Pre-production on any video shoot is essential. That is if you want to save time and money, not to mention avoid having a major melt down in the editing room because you didn’t get the necessary goods. Although I recognize the need for good solid pre-production and am usually more than “just” prepared for a video shoot – there’s a big part of me that despises this part of the process.
With tight budgets comes tight shoot schedules because time is money and you want to be sure that once you get to a location, everything is set to go. People that need to be notified – have been notified. Gear that needs to be rented has been and some kind of storyboard or shoot list has been signed off on. Lots of details have to be taken care of and that’s what I’m good at – leaving no detail to chance.
But once I get to a shoot with the confidence that everything has been previously arranged – I like to allocate some time for serendipity to happen. And that’s the part of the process I love – when little things happen that I didn’t expect. But I need to go into a shoot allowing the time for this to happen – leaving time for the unexpected as well as being mentally “open” to it. In other words being prepared yet flexible at the same time.
I had a client once say to me “the more I see you worry about the details – the more I know that I don’t have to think about them”. A compliment for sure but at the same time I realize that it’s all a balancing act. Always a balancing act between being the prepared professional and the passionate storyteller who is willing to “depart” from the plan if necessary. When I get that balance just right I feel it. Words can’t describe it but I literally feel it. And when a video really comes together in the end, that feeling resurfaces every time I view it. And that’s the part I love the most.
What Camera Should I Buy?
If I had a dollar for everytime someone asked me what camera they should buy – I could retire. These days I get a lot of “what video camera should I buy?” That question is almost impossible to answer without more information. So I usually reply with my own onslaught of questions “What are you going to be shooting?”, “What editing software will you be using?” , “Are you concerned about getting “natural sound” or will you be using the “video” and not the “audio” from the camera?”. And of course the big question “What’s your budget?”.
One thing that complicates making a choice in video cameras is that unlike still cameras – video cameras shoot different types of files – mpeg2, native quicktime, HDV, AVCHD. In addition some shoot to tape, some shoot to cards and some shoot to discs. Then of course there’s the basic consideration of SD or HD. And not all HD files are alike. Sounds confusing and overwhelming doesn’t it? And it can be so my advice is always to work backwards.
Start by identifying the type of shoots you’ll be doing – corporate interviews or beautiful imagery intended to be shown to a music track. Where will it be shown? Broadcast? Web? DVD’s? And how will you edit it? What platform? What editing software? To help guide you with selecting the right camera for the editing software you have or intend to purchase I have come across some great links to compatablity charts. Adobe Premiere and Final Cut This is a great place to start to see if that reasonably priced prosumer camera that outputs AVCHD files will work with the prosumer version of the editing program you have or will you have to purchase the full pro program. I have seen lots of posts on listservs with people who need help editing files from the camera they just bought and loosing a lot of time in the process, not to mention the frustration they put themselves through.
There’s all kinds of cool cameras coming on the market everyday and lots of people jumping on the bandwagon as seen in the success of the RED and the hybrid Canon 5D II. http://tiny.cc/KmAOK There’s a lot of great things about both these cameras but before you plunk down the money – ask yourself if it’s the right tool for you. Unless money is no object, you’ll want to make sure that your investment in a camera will serve your purpose. There’s a tool for everything. Here’s another interesting camera that recently debuted. If you’re an action adventure shooter – it could be the camera for you. http://tiny.cc/3owdX
My advice is to make a pros and cons list before you even look at cameras. That way you won’t be overwhelmed by the tools – but will choose the tool that is the right tool and the “means to your end”.
Editing and the Story
I’ve grown to love the editing part of the video production process. It’s where I “craft” the story and take it where I want it to go.
Last Spring I attended a conference at the Grand Hotel in Mackinac Island, Michigan. 
While staying at this historic gem, my goal was to create a short web video on the hotel and the island. I shot the property in a dozen different ways getting b-roll footage of carriages, guests on the porch, tea in the parlor, the orchestra and other areas of the hotel as well as scenes in town. I also interviewed third generation owner and President, Dan Musser III and carriage driver Tom McCarthy. Those interviews as well as some soundbites from a talk given by concierge Bob Tagatz – gave me my narrative track.
When I returned I gathered all my assets – interviews, b-roll and music and started to layout the story. Generally, I lay down my best soundbites first. This drives the story. I’ll then go through all my b-roll and live action shots and select the best clips that best illustrate the narrative track. I was fortunate on this piece because I was able to capture footage of the harpist at the Grand Hotel and this not only provided me with some nice visuals, but it gave me a music track to work with that made sense in the context of the story.
After piecing together the story in Final Cut Pro, I then went back and “cut” it. Given time, I may even live with it a bit, going back and cutting more each time giving it more punch. I’ve uploaded my first two cuts on vimeo. Here’s a link to my latest rough cut. http://www.vimeo.com/5889700 I’ll probably live with it a bit and then go back and cut out another 20%. It’s always hard to cut but it makes the piece stronger and these days – people don’t take the time to look at long web videos.
Making a Difference
I’ve always been quite active as a volunteer in my community. When my daughter was going through the school system, I was very involved with various committees and events throughout the years. What I enjoyed most was being able to share my gift of expertise as a professional photographer and filmmaker. One year I produced, shot and edited a piece for the school’s International Baccalaurete Program highlighting what some of the students were doing for the CAS portion of the program. CAS stands for Creative Action and Service and the students need to spend a certain number of hours in each of these areas. So I created a short video made up of interviews with current students talking about what types of things they were doing to fulfill those hours. I also took whatever still photos and video that the kids or their parents provided me and worked it into the piece. The video was a hit amongst the kids, their parents and the teachers and will be archived to show future students contemplating the IB program.
I’m not so involved with the schools now that my daughter has graduated, and I miss that community connection and what I got from that personally. I do mentor high school kids from time to time who are interested in photography and video and I love to work with the passionate ones. And last year my husband/partner, Tom and I shot and produced Freedom’s Ride, a short documentary about 20 predominately white students from our high school district and 20 predominately black students from a public school in Harlem, NY who rode the bus to and from Alabama, retracing the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960’s. That was an incredible and rewarding experience for all.
Currently we sit on the board of our local public access TV station Mendham TV. Independently Tom and I have produced 20 half hour talk shows for the station, called Mendham People. We recruited local people for hosts who came up with various local people to interview in a Charlie Rose type format. One of our hosts was our local postal clerk, Pete. We live in an area where we don’t get mail delivery so everyone goes to the post office on a daily basis and sees Pete. So he’s a well known figure and knows everyone in town. Recently our station started airing the town’s public meetings. The station isn’t funded but we managed to get volunteers and trained them to shoot the meetings. I’ve started attending town meetings and I feel much more in touch with my community. Volunteering on the board of the local TV station has kept us involved with our community and is a way for us to continue to “give back” to our community.
It’s always nice of course when I get personally thanked or recognized in some small way for my volunteer efforts, but the biggest reward is always how it makes me feel. I believe we all can make a difference even in the smallest acts of “giving” and to all those who have shared their time and talents, you know how rewarding it is personally. I’ll end with a quote by Arthur Ashe.
“From what we get, we can make a living; what we give, however, makes a life.”
—Arthur Ashe (1943-1993), professional tennis player, civil rights supporter
Journeys of a Hybrid 